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Continuing Education Programmes (CEP) play an important role in maintaining and improving the professional competence of Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals. The rapid growth of information and communication technologies, digital resources, electronic publishing, automation, networking, artificial intelligence, and new forms of information services has transformed the functions of academic libraries. The knowledge and skills acquired by LIS professionals during their formal education cannot remain adequate throughout their careers. They therefore require opportunities for continuous learning, retraining, and professional development. National agencies play a significant role in planning, supporting, coordinating, funding, standardising, and implementing such Continuing Education Programmes for LIS professionals. Continuing education refers to organised learning activities undertaken by professionals after completing their formal education. In Library and Information Science, CEPs may include refresher courses, workshops, seminars, conferences, orientation programmes, training courses, lectures, study circles, online courses, demonstrations, and professional development programmes. These activities enable library professionals to update their knowledge and acquire new competencies according to changing requirements. National agencies provide the institutional framework through which these opportunities can be made available to professionals working in academic libraries, universities, research institutions, colleges, and other information centres. One of the major national agencies associated with library development in India is the University Grants Commission (UGC). It has an important role in strengthening academic library services because universities and colleges constitute a major part of the higher education system. Through its policies, guidelines, financial assistance, and development initiatives, the UGC contributes indirectly and directly to the professional development of academic librarians. Changes introduced in higher education, research practices, scholarly communication, open educational resources, digital libraries, and information literacy require corresponding changes in the skills of LIS professionals. Training and professional development initiatives supported within the higher education framework help librarians __________ ___ _________ ________ __________ _________ _________ _____ ____ __________ _____ _____.
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