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India plays a significant role in global climate policy formulation and deliberations, reflecting its unique position as a developing country with substantial economic growth, a large population, and high vulnerability to climate change impacts. As one of the most populous nations and a rapidly developing economy, India faces the dual challenge of promoting economic growth and reducing poverty while also addressing environmental sustainability and climate mitigation. Its approach in climate policy formulation is informed by the principles of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities, and sustainable development, which are central to international climate negotiations. Historically, India has been an active participant in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its subsequent protocols and agreements. Since the early 1990s, India has advocated for climate policies that consider the developmental needs of emerging economies. India’s position has emphasized that while all countries must act to combat climate change, developed nations bear a greater historical responsibility due to their long-standing greenhouse gas emissions. This principle of equity has guided India’s contributions to international climate policy, including its negotiations during the Kyoto Protocol, the Copenhagen Accord, the Paris Agreement, and subsequent COP meetings. India’s insistence on financial support, technology transfer, and capacity building for developing countries has been a consistent theme in these deliberations. India’s domestic climate policy is closely linked with its international commitments. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), launched in 2008, was a pioneering framework that guided India’s climate action across multiple sectors, including solar energy, energy efficiency, sustainable agriculture, water conservation, and forestry. The NAPCC includes eight core missions, such as the National Solar Mission and the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, which have become models for integrating climate policy with economic and energy ________ _______ __________ ______ ____ ____ ________ ______ ____ ________ ____ ___.
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