Explain the process by which amino acids are activated for protein synthesis.

Amino acids must be activated before they can be incorporated into proteins during protein synthesis. The process of activation occurs in two main steps: the binding of amino acids to their respective tRNA molecules, followed by the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA complex.

The first step involves the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, which is specific to each amino acid. Each synthetase recognizes _______ ________ ___ ___ ________ __________ ______.
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