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The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) is a regulatory body in India responsible for controlling the prices of drugs and ensuring their availability at reasonable rates. The NPPA operates under the provisions of the Drug Prices Control Order (DPCO) and the Essential Commodities Act. The primary goal of the NPPA in drug price regulation is to balance the interests of pharmaceutical manufacturers and consumers, ensuring that essential medicines are affordable while maintaining the viability of the pharmaceutical industry. The procedure adopted by the NPPA for price fixation of drugs involves several steps, which are detailed and systematic. The process begins with the identification of the drug for which price regulation is required. Typically, the NPPA focuses on essential medicines listed in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM), which is periodically updated by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The NLEM serves as a guideline for determining which drugs have a significant public health impact and therefore warrant price control. Once a drug is included in the NLEM, it becomes eligible for price regulation by the NPPA. After identification, the NPPA calculates the ceiling price for the drug. The ceiling price is determined using a formula prescribed under the DPCO. For bulk drugs and formulations, the calculation considers the simple _______ ________ _________ ________ ________ ______ ___ ____ __________ ________ ____.
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