Explain the procedure adopted by NPPA for Price Fixation of Drugs.

The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) is an organization established by the Government of India to oversee the pricing of drugs and medical devices in India. The primary objective of NPPA is to ensure that essential medicines are available at reasonable prices and that the cost of pharmaceuticals is regulated to avoid exploitation by manufacturers and distributors. One of the key functions of NPPA is the fixation of drug prices under the provisions of the Drugs (Price Control) Order (DPCO), 2013, which empowers the authority to regulate the prices of bulk drugs and formulations in India.

### Legal Framework for Price Fixation

The legal framework for price fixation by NPPA is primarily derived from the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 and the DPCO, 2013. Under this framework, drugs are categorized as essential medicines, and the prices of these drugs are regulated. NPPA’s role is to ensure that the prices of these drugs are fixed in a manner that guarantees access to medicines for all sections of society while keeping the interests of the pharmaceutical industry in check.

The DPCO, 2013, is the key regulation under which NPPA fixes the prices of drugs. This order lists the "National List of Essential Medicines" (NLEM) that includes medicines critical for addressing a variety of health conditions. The list is periodically _________ _____ ________ _______ _____ _____ __________ ____ _____ ____ _______ ____.
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