Explain the principle of switch mode power supply with the help of schematic diagram. State its advantages over linear power supply.

A Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) operates based on the principle of switching a power transistor on and off rapidly to regulate the power delivered to a load. This high-speed switching allows the conversion of electrical power with greater efficiency compared to traditional linear power supplies. The basic function of an SMPS is to convert a higher or lower input voltage to a stable output voltage by adjusting the pulse width modulation (PWM) of the transistor.

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