Explain the principle and working of horizontal and vertical axis wind machines.

Horizontal Axis Wind Machines:

The principle of horizontal axis wind machines is based on the conversion of wind energy into mechanical energy through the rotation of a horizontal rotor. The main components of a horizontal axis wind machine include the rotor, blades, hub, nacelle, generator, and control system. Here's a breakdown of their working:

1. Rotor and Blades: The rotor consists of two or more blades attached to a central hub. The blades are aerodynamically designed to capture the kinetic energy of the wind. As the wind blows, it imparts a force on the blades, causing them to rotate.

2. Nacelle: The nacelle is a housing located behind the rotor that contains key components such as the gearbox, generator, and control systems. It rotates along ______ ________ ________ _________ ______ ___ _____.
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