Explain the physiology and consequences of SOS responses in prokaryotes.

The SOS response in prokaryotes is a global regulatory network activated in response to DNA damage. This mechanism helps bacteria cope with genotoxic stress by inducing DNA repair pathways, cell cycle arrest, and in some cases, mutagenesis. The key players in this response include LexA, a repressor protein, and RecA, a DNA damage sensor and regulator.  

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