Explain the phenomenon of polarisation of a dielectric. Show that, when a dielectric material is filled between the plates of a capacitor, the value of capacitance increases by factor of K, the dielectric constant of the material.

Polarization of a dielectric is a process in which the positive and negative charges within the material are displaced under the influence of an external electric field. When a dielectric material, which is an insulating substance, is placed in an electric field, the charges within the dielectric experience forces that slightly shift their positions. This leads to the formation of dipoles, where the negative charge is displaced in the direction opposite to the field, and the positive charge moves in the same direction as the electric field.

This phenomenon occurs because the dielectric material consists of atoms or molecules that have bound charges. In the absence of an external electric field, these charges are symmetrically distributed. When an external electric field is applied, the field exerts forces on the electrons and nuclei of the atoms or molecules in the dielectric. This results in a slight separation of charges, creating dipoles. These dipoles align themselves __________ _______ ___ _________ _____.
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