Explain the mechanism of action of DNA ligase in joining sticky and blunt-ended DNA fragments.

DNA ligase is an essential enzyme in molecular biology that plays a critical role in the process of DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Its primary function is to catalyze the joining of DNA fragments, which can be either sticky or blunt-ended, by forming a covalent bond between the 3' hydroxyl group of one fragment and the 5' phosphate group of another. The mechanism of action of DNA ligase differs slightly between sticky-ended and blunt-ended fragments, but the general process remains similar.

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