Explain the issue of access and benefit sharing and the provisions on its implementation under CBD

The issue of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) lies at the core of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), particularly in relation to plant varieties protection, biotechnology, and traditional knowledge. The ABS framework addresses how genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge are accessed, and how the benefits arising from their use are fairly and equitably shared. This concept is rooted in the CBD's overarching goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.

Access and Benefit Sharing under CBD

The CBD, which came into force in 1993, recognizes that states have sovereign rights over their natural resources, including genetic resources. It stipulates that access to genetic resources must be subject to the prior informed consent (PIC) of the providing country and should be based on mutually agreed terms (MAT). This was a departure from the earlier view of genetic resources as a "common heritage of mankind," signaling a shift towards recognizing the ownership and control of such resources by national governments and, by extension, local communities and indigenous peoples.

Access and Benefit Sharing is primarily articulated under Article 15 of the CBD, which establishes the fundamental legal principles surrounding the access to genetic resources and the sharing of benefits. In practical terms, this implies that users, often researchers or companies, must obtain consent from the country or community that holds the genetic resource and negotiate the terms under which it may be used.

The Nagoya Protocol and Its Implementation

To provide greater legal certainty and clarity, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted in 2010 and entered into force in 2014. The Nagoya Protocol is a supplementary agreement _______ _____ _________ __________ ____ ___ ________ ____.
_______ _________ ______ ___ _____ ___ _____ __________ _______.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ______.
____ _________ ______ _______ _________ _____ _____ _________ _______ ____.
______ ______ ____ ____ _______ _________ _____ _______.
____ __________ ___ _____ ________ ______ ____ ____ _________ _________ ____ _________.
_________ _________ _______ __________ _____ _______ _____ ________.
___ _________ ________ ___ ________ ___ _____ __________.
_________ ________ _________ ________ ____ ____ __________.
_____ _______ ____ ______ ______ __________ ____ ___ _____ ___ ___ _________.
_________ _______ ___ _____ _________.
____ ______ _______ ______ _______ _____.
__________ _________ ___ _____ _____ _____ ____ ________ ____ _______.
___ ___ ________ _________ _________ ___ _______ _________ _______ _______.
_____ ____ ______ ____ __________ ___ ____.
____ _______ _______ ___ ___ _________ ___ _________ _____ _____ __________ _______.
________ ______ _________ ______ ____ ________ ________ ___ ____ ____ __________ ______.
________ __________ ________ ______ __________ __________ _____.
___ _____ __________ ______ _____ ___ __________ _______.
__________ _____ _____ ___ _________ ___ ____ _____.
___ _________ _______ __________ ___ _______ ________ _______.
______ ________ ________ _____ ________ __________ ________.
_____ ______ __________ _________ _________ ________ ________ ___ _________.
___ _____ ____ ________ ____ ___ _________ ______ ____ _______ ______.
________ ___ ________ _________ ____ _________ _______ __________ ______.
________ _____ _______ _______ ________ ______ _________ ____ ______ ___.
_________ _________ ______ ____ __________ __________ _____ _______ ______.
_________ __________ ____ _______ _____ _____ _____ __________ _______ ________ ____ ________.
_________ ___ _____ ________ _______ ___ _____ _____ _________ ____.
___ ____ __________ ______ ___ ____ _______ _____ ________ __________ ________.
_____ ________ ______ ________ _______ _____ ________.
___ ________ __________ _______ ____ ________.
__________ ___ ______ _______ ___ ________ ___.
_____ ______ __________ __________ ______ _______ _______ ______ ________ ______.
____ _________ __________ ___ _____ _________ ________ ____ _____ _______ ____ ______.
_______ ____ _______ ________ ___ _____ _________ __________ ____ __________ ________ _____.
_____ ______ ____ ___ __________ __________ _______ _________.
____ ______ ___ _____ ___ ___ ________ ________ ____ _____ _________ __________.
__________ _______ ________ ____ _________ _____ _____.
___ __________ _________ ___ ___ ____.
_________ _______ _______ ___ ___ _________ ______.
___ _______ _________ ____ ____ _________ ________ __________.
_____ __________ _____ ___ __________ ____ _____ ___ ____ ___ _________.
____ _____ _______ __________ _____ __________ ______ __________.
__________ _____ ______ ____ ___.
______ _______ _________ _____ __________ ________ ______ _____.
_____ __________ ______ __________ _______ _________.
____ ______ ______ ________ ___.
____ ________ _______ _______ ________.
__________ ____ _________ _______ _____.
____ _____ ____ _____ __________ _______.
___ ___ _______ __________ _____ ___ ________.
________ ______ _______ _________ _________ ______ ________ ________ ______ ________.
___ ________ _________ _________ _____ _________ ____ ______ __________ ___ ____ ___.
____ ________ __________ _________ __________ _________ _____ _______.
___ _______ ________ ______ _________ ___.
_______ __________ _________ __________ _____ _____.
_________ _______ _________ _________ _________.
______ _________ ___ _____ _________ ________ __________ ___ ________ _____ ____ ___.
___ __________ ____ _____ ______ ____ ________ ____ _________ ________ _____.
__________ _________ ______ ___ _________ ____ _______ __________ ___ ________.
______ ________ ______ ________ ________ __________ __________.
______ ____ ____ _________ _________ ____ ______.
________ ____ ______ ________ _________ _________.
______ ________ _________ ______ ________ ______ ________.
________ _________ _______ ________ ___ _____ _________.
____ __________ ________ __________ ___.
___ _________ _____ ______ _________ ______ _______ ______ ______.
__________ __________ _____ __________ ______ ________ _____ ____ _________.
____ _________ _____ ___ ______ _______ ____ _________.
____ ___ _______ ______ _________ _________ ____ ___ _____.
_______ ____ _____ _____ _________.
________ _____ ____ __________ ____ _______ ___ ______ __________ ________ ________ ___.
____ ________ _________ _____ __________ ___ _________ _________.
___ _____ __________ _________ ______ _______ ________ ______ _____ __________ ________.
___ ________ _______ __________ _____ _______ ________ _________ _____ ___ ______ ________.
______ _____ ________ _________ ______ _________.
____ _____ __________ ____ __________.
_______ _________ ________ _______ ____ ___ _________ ____ _______ __________ ______ ___.
_________ ________ _____ _________ _____ _______.
____ ___ ___ _____ ___ ____ _______ ______.
_________ ________ _________ ____ _________ _________ ____ ______ __________ _______ ________ __________.
______ ________ __________ ___ __________ __________ ______ ________ ______ _________ _______.
___ _______ ____ ________ ______ ____.
__________ __________ __________ _____ _____ ____ ________ ________ ___ ___.
______ ____ _________ _______ ______ _______ _____ ______ ________ ____ _________.
_________ ____ _____ _____ _____ _________ ________.
_________ ______ _______ _________ ________ __________ _________ __________.
______ __________ ______ ____ _________ _____ _______.
___ _____ ___ __________ ______ ______ __________ ______ ____ ______ ___ ____.
_____ _____ ___ ____ ___ ___ _____ _________ ________ __________ ____.
__________ _______ __________ ________ ____ __________ _____ _________ ____ _____ _________ _________.
__________ ___ _______ ____ ______ ______.
______ __________ _________ ___ _________ ________ ________ _______ ___ _____ _______ _______.
______ ________ ___ _____ _____ ________ ______ ______ _____ ___ ________ ___.
_______ _________ __________ _________ ________ __________ ______ ___ _______ __________.
_______ ____ _____ _____ _____ ___ _____ _________ __________.
_______ __________ _______ _____ _______ ____.
______ ______ ______ ________ ______.
__________ _____ __________ _____ _________ ________ ___ _________ ____ ______.
_______ ______ ______ __________ ___ _________ _________ ______.
___ _______ _________ ___ __________ __________.
____ ______ ______ ____ _____.
______ _____ ___ ____ ____ ___ ______ _____.
__________ ______ __________ ____ _____.
_____ ________ ___ _______ ______ __________ ________ ____ ________ ____.
_______ ________ _________ ______ ______ _____ _____ _________ ____ ________ _______ __________.
_______ _________ __________ ________ _____.
_________ ______ _________ ________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp