Explain the history of planning in India.

The history of planning in India can be traced back to the colonial period, although it formally began with the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950. The evolution of planning in India is a complex journey that reflects the country’s socio-economic conditions, its political and institutional structures, and its aspirations to address poverty, inequality, and underdevelopment.

### Early Beginnings: Pre-Independence Period

Before India gained independence in 1947, there were no organized efforts for long-term economic planning. However, during the colonial era, some sporadic attempts were made to improve certain aspects of the economy, primarily to benefit the British Empire. The British administration did not emphasize the development of India’s economy in a comprehensive manner. Rather, the focus was more on extracting resources for the benefit of the colonial rulers.

In the early 20th century, the need for planning started to gain some recognition, especially among Indian nationalists and economists who sought to modernize the economy. The first significant mention of planning came with the establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC) and the idea of self-rule (Swaraj). Leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale argued that India needed economic development to break free from the colonial shackles. Economic reforms and planning began to be considered essential to improving the country’s economic situation.

The idea of planning was further emphasized by the industrialists of the time, particularly during the British Raj. The Indian Industrial Commission of 1916-1918 and the formation of the All India Manufacturers’ Association in the 1920s laid the groundwork for later planning activities.

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