Explain the following:

a. Non sampling errors
b. Probability density curve
c. Type I and type II errors
d. Conjoint Analysis

a. Non sampling errors

Non-sampling error refers to all sources of error that are unrelated to sampling. Non-sampling errors are present in all types of survey, including censuses and administrative data. They arise for a number of reasons: the frame may be incomplete, some respondents may not accurately report data, data may be missing for some respondents, etc.

Non-sampling errors can be classified into two groups: random errors and systematic errors.

b. Probability density curve

Probability density function is a function that provides the likelihood that the value of a random variable will fall between a certain range of values. We use the probability density function in the case of continuous random variables. For discrete random variables, we use the probability mass function which is analogous to the probability density function.

The graph of a probability density function is in the form of a bell curve. The area that lies ________ ______ ___ __________ _________ _____ __________.
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