Explain the features of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.

The Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), represents a landmark international treaty aimed at addressing the global challenge of climate change. The agreement's primary objective is to limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to restrict the increase to 1.5°C. The agreement is legally binding in certain aspects, but flexible in others, recognizing the need for cooperation among nations with varying capabilities and responsibilities. Several key features define the structure and functioning of the Paris Agreement, which emphasizes inclusivity, accountability, and ambition.

### 1. Global Temperature Goals

At the heart of the Paris Agreement is its temperature goal, which seeks to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with an aspiration to limit it to 1.5°C. This target is based on the scientific consensus that global warming beyond these thresholds will lead to catastrophic environmental impacts, including extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and loss of biodiversity. The 1.5°C goal reflects the urgency of reducing emissions to mitigate the most severe consequences of climate change.

The Paris Agreement acknowledges the need for long-term efforts to achieve these temperature goals, with periodic reviews to assess progress and encourage greater ambition over time.

### 2. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

One of the most distinctive features of the Paris Agreement is its approach to setting targets for each country, which are known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Unlike previous agreements, which imposed fixed targets on countries, the Paris Agreement allows each nation to define its own climate goals based on its national circumstances, capabilities, and levels of development.

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