Explain the different modes of technology transfer giving examples.

Technology transfer refers to the process of transferring knowledge, skills, technologies, methods, and processes from one organization or country to another. This is an essential aspect of technology management, as it allows for the widespread dissemination of innovations and helps to bridge gaps in technological expertise. Technology transfer can occur through various modes, each suited to specific circumstances and objectives. Below are the key modes of technology transfer, with examples for better understanding.

1. Licensing  
Licensing is one of the most common modes of technology transfer. In this mode, the owner of a technology (the licensor) grants the right to another party (the licensee) to use, manufacture, or sell the technology under agreed conditions. The licensee often pays royalties or lump-sum payments to the licensor. This allows the licensor to extend the reach of their technology without the need for direct investment in new facilities. For example, many pharmaceutical companies license their drug _________ _______ __________ _________ _____ ____.
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