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Conservation agriculture is a sustainable farming approach aimed at improving soil health, enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC), and ensuring long-term agricultural productivity while mitigating climate change. Soil organic carbon is a key indicator of soil quality and fertility as it influences nutrient availability, water retention, and microbial activity. Conservation agricultural practices are designed to reduce soil degradation, enhance carbon sequestration, and adapt farming systems to changing climatic conditions. Several practices play a crucial role in enhancing soil organic carbon and overall soil health. One of the core practices is minimum or zero tillage. Traditional ploughing disturbs the soil structure, accelerates organic matter decomposition, and increases carbon emissions from soil. Conservation tillage minimizes soil disturbance, allowing crop residues to remain on the surface, which reduces erosion and maintains moisture. Over time, this practice enhances soil aggregation, reduces the loss of organic matter, and promotes the buildup of SOC in the topsoil. Zero tillage has been widely adopted in regions like the Indo-Gangetic plains in India for wheat cultivation after rice harvest, leading to reduced fuel consumption, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and improved soil structure. Another key practice ____ _______ ______ ________ ____ _____ __________.
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