Explain the concept of Self-directed Learning with special reference to Candy's Four-Dimensional Model and Garrison's Three-Dimensional Model.

Self-directed learning (SDL) refers to a process in which individuals take the initiative and responsibility for their learning, often with the support of resources, guidance, or tools. This approach allows learners to make decisions about what, how, when, and where to learn, with minimal direct involvement from teachers or instructors. SDL encourages autonomy, self-motivation, and lifelong learning, making it a critical component of modern education and learner support systems.

Candy's Four-Dimensional Model of self-directed learning is a comprehensive framework that categorizes SDL into four key components: cognitive, affective, conative, and behavioral dimensions. These dimensions encompass the various aspects of learning that learners must manage in a self-directed learning environment.

The cognitive dimension focuses on the intellectual activities of learners. It includes knowledge acquisition, understanding, problem-solving, and critical thinking. In SDL, learners are responsible for identifying learning needs, setting objectives, and selecting strategies to acquire the necessary knowledge. This requires self-regulation of cognitive processes, such ___ _________ ____ _________ ___.
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