Explain the concept of Intellectual Property (IP) with different categories of IP instruments.

Intellectual property (IP) is a crucial concept in the realm of technology commercialization, serving as the legal framework that protects and incentivizes innovation. It encompasses various forms of intangible assets that individuals or organizations create through their intellect and creativity. These assets can include inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce. In essence, IP grants exclusive rights to creators or owners over their creations, enabling them to reap the benefits of their innovation while fostering competition and progress. To understand the concept fully, it's essential to delve into the different categories of IP instruments.

1. Patents:
Patents are one of the most well-known forms of intellectual property protection, particularly in the field of technology. They grant inventors the exclusive right to use, manufacture, and sell their inventions for a limited period, usually 20 years from the filing date. To qualify for patent protection, an invention must be novel, non-obvious, and useful. ____ ____ ____ __________ ___ ________.
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