Explain the concept of call by reference, with suitable code in C for each. Give advantage and disadvantage of call by reference

In programming, *Call by Reference* is a method of passing arguments to a function. Instead of passing a copy of the variable (as in call by value), the address (reference) of the variable is passed. This allows the function to modify the actual value of the variable in the caller's scope.

### Concept of Call by Reference

When a function is called using *call by reference*, the function receives the reference (memory address) of the arguments, which means any changes made to the parameter within the function will directly affect the actual argument in the calling function. This is different from *call by value*, where the function only works with a copy of the argument, and modifications within the function do not affect the original variable.

In C, call by reference is implemented using pointers. A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable, allowing direct manipulation of the variable's value.

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