Explain the characteristics of enzyme and mechanism of its action

1. Proteinous nature:

Nearly all enzymes are proteins although some catalytically active RNA molecules have been identified.

2. Colloidal nature:

In the protoplasm, enzymes exist as hydrophilic colloids. Due to colloidal nature, they are isolated by dialysis.

3. Substrate specificity:

A given enzyme only catalyzes one reaction or a similar type of reaction. For example, maltase acts only on maltose while pancreatic lipase acts in a variety of fats. Sometimes, different enzymes may act on the same substrate to produce different end products. The substrate specificity of enzyme is based on amino acids sequence in the catalytic site as well as the optical isomeric form of the substrate.

4. Catalytic properties:

(i) Enzyme require in small concentration for any chemical change,

(ii) They don’t initiate the catalysis but accelerate the rate of catalysis by lowering the activation energy,

(iii) They remain unchanged at the end of reaction,

(iv) Their presence don’t alter the properties of end products,

(v) Enzymes accelerate the forward or reverse reactions to attain the equilibrium but don’t shift the equilibrium,

(vi) Usually enzyme catalyzed reactions are reversible, but not always,

(vii) They require hydration for activity.

5. Turn over Number (Enzyme efficiency):

It is the number of substrate molecules changed per unit of time per enzyme. Typical turn over number varies form 102 to ____ ________ __________ ____ _______.
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