Explain the alterations in Acid Base Balance.

Acid-base balance is a critical aspect of homeostasis, ensuring that the body's pH remains within a narrow range (7.35–7.45) necessary for optimal cellular function. Alterations in acid-base balance can result in either acidosis or alkalosis, which may have metabolic or respiratory origins. The body's compensatory mechanisms, including buffer systems, respiratory adjustments, and renal regulation, work to maintain pH stability.

Acidosis occurs when there is an excess of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in the body, leading to a pH below 7.35. It can be classified into metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis. Metabolic acidosis results from an accumulation of acid or a loss of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻). Common causes include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lactic acidosis, renal failure, and severe diarrhea. ___ _______ ____ _________ _________ ________ _____ _________ ________ ___ ___.
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