Explain one cardiac cycle and factors affecting cardiac output.

One cardiac cycle refers to the complete sequence of events that occur during the heartbeat, encompassing both the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) phases of the heart. The cardiac cycle involves the atria and ventricles working in harmony to pump blood throughout the body. Here's an overview of the main phases of a cardiac cycle:

1. Atrial Contraction (Atrial Systole): The cardiac cycle begins with the contraction of the atria. The atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles and completing the filling of the ventricles. This phase is initiated by an electrical signal generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node, often called the heart's natural pacemaker.

2. Ventricular Contraction (Ventricular Systole): Following atrial contraction, there is a brief delay allowing the ventricles to fully fill. Then, the ventricles contract, pushing blood out of the heart. The pressure _______ _________ ____ __________ __________ ______ _______ _____ ________.
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