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Mechanical and physical control methods are fundamental components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), focusing on the direct removal, exclusion, or destruction of pests through non-chemical means. These methods are often environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and reduce the reliance on synthetic pesticides, thus minimizing ecological and health risks. Mechanical and physical control strategies operate on the principle of interrupting the pest life cycle, reducing pest populations, or preventing pest access to crops. Mechanical control primarily involves the manual or direct intervention to eliminate pests. Handpicking is one of the simplest and most traditional methods, where pests like caterpillars, beetles, or slugs are physically removed from plants. This method is ________ _______ _________ _________ ____ ___ ___ ______ ______ _______ ____.
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