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Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach to managing coastal areas. Its primary objective is to ensure the sustainable development and protection of coastal zones, balancing environmental, social, and economic needs. The concept of ICZM emerged as a response to the growing pressure on coastal resources, which were being exploited without considering long-term consequences. Coastal zones are areas where land and sea interact, and they support a range of ecosystems, such as beaches, wetlands, and coral reefs. These areas are crucial for biodiversity, fisheries, tourism, and as buffers against natural disasters like storms and rising sea levels. However, they are increasingly threatened by overdevelopment, pollution, climate change, and loss of __________ __________ ______ ___ _________ ____ ____ _______ _________ _______.
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