Explain in detail the biotic and abiotic degradation of plastic.

Biotic and abiotic degradation are two main processes through which plastics can break down into smaller components. While biotic degradation involves the actions of living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, abiotic degradation refers to degradation processes that occur in the absence of living organisms, primarily due to environmental factors such as sunlight (photodegradation) and temperature (thermal degradation).

Biotic Degradation of Plastic:

1. Bacterial Degradation: Bacteria play a significant role in biodegradation by secreting enzymes that break down the polymer chains of plastics into smaller molecules. Certain bacteria, such as *Pseudomonas*, *Bacillus*, and *Ideonella sakaiensis*, have been found to possess the ability to degrade plastics. For instance, *Ideonella sakaiensis* was discovered in 2016 and is known to utilize PET (polyethylene terephthalate) as a carbon source, breaking it down into ____ ______ ____ _________ ______ ________ ____ __________ ______ ______.
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