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Expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the early 20th century, primarily in Germany, as a reaction against the rigid formalism of academic art and the superficiality of realism. It sought to represent the world not as it appeared externally but as it was felt emotionally and psychologically. Expressionism emphasizes the artist's subjective perspective, often using exaggerated forms, distorted lines, and bold colors to evoke intense emotional responses. The movement spans multiple disciplines, including painting, literature, theater, architecture, and film, but its core focus is on conveying inner experience rather than objective reality. This focus on inner emotions, alienation, anxiety, and social critique became central to the movement, reflecting the turbulent social, political, and industrial changes occurring in Europe at the time. Expressionist artists rejected traditional techniques and naturalistic representation, choosing instead to explore raw, often unsettling emotions through distorted imagery. They employed dynamic brushstrokes, intense color palettes, and abstracted forms to communicate feelings such as fear, despair, ecstasy, or alienation. The movement was heavily influenced by earlier trends such as Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, and the works of Vincent van Gogh, whose emotional intensity and expressive use of color provided a foundation for Expressionist exploration. In Germany, Expressionism crystallized in two main groups: Die Brücke (The Bridge), founded in Dresden in 1905, and Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), founded in Munich in 1911. Die Brücke artists focused on raw, emotional expression, often depicting urban life, social tension, and psychological conflict with jagged forms and stark contrasts. Der Blaue Reiter, on the other hand, leaned toward spiritual and symbolic abstraction, using color and form to explore metaphysical and emotional truths. Edward Munch, a Norwegian painter born in 1863, is widely regarded as a precursor to and an influential figure within the Expressionist movement. His works display the central tenets of Expressionism long before the ____ __________ ___ __________ _________ _______.
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