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Indian agriculture has been the backbone of the economy for centuries, providing livelihood to nearly half of the workforce and ensuring food security for the nation. However, despite its central role, agriculture continues to face several structural and policy-related challenges that hinder its growth and efficiency. Four major issues of concern stand out prominently in this context: low productivity, dependence on monsoon and climate vulnerability, fragmentation of landholdings, and inadequate market infrastructure. Addressing these challenges requires both policy reforms and structural transformation, and diversification towards high value agriculture offers a promising pathway to mitigate these concerns. One of the most pressing issues in Indian agriculture is the problem of low productivity. Although India is among the largest producers of food grains, fruits, and vegetables, the per hectare yield of most crops _______ ___ _____ _________ _________ _____ ________ _______ ________.
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