Examine the views of Chris Argyris on Human Personality and bring out its impact on the working of organisations.

Chris Argyris, an American business theorist, is best known for his work on organizational behavior and human personality, particularly through his research on the relationship between individual growth and organizational dynamics. Argyris’ views are a critical departure from traditional perspectives in management theory, as he emphasizes the importance of human development within organizations and the potential for personal growth to align with organizational objectives. His theories not only explore the nature of human personality but also investigate how organizational structures, leadership styles, and work practices impact the well-being and productivity of employees. Through his concepts of personality and organizational learning, Argyris provides valuable insights into how the design of an organization can foster or hinder human development and organizational effectiveness.

At the core of Argyris' views on human personality is his differentiation between two types of personality development: the "Model I" and "Model II" behaviors. These models are instrumental in understanding how individuals behave in organizational settings and the corresponding impact on their effectiveness and satisfaction at work.

Model I Behavior:

In Argyris' theory, Model I behavior is characterized by defensive, self-protective actions, where individuals often act in ways that preserve their self-image and avoid confrontation or conflict. In this model, employees typically behave in a manner that is passive, compliant, and generally avoidant of risks or challenges. These individuals usually suppress their feelings, hide their mistakes, and refrain from questioning authority or existing organizational practices. Argyris argued that Model I behaviors are often a result of organizational structures and management practices that emphasize control, top-down communication, and rigid hierarchies. Employees are ____ ________ ______ __________ ______ _____ _________ ___ _____ ______.
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