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The emergence of professional social work in India is deeply intertwined with the history of social reform movements, which laid the groundwork for organized intervention in social issues and the institutionalization of social welfare practices. Social reform movements in India can be traced back to the 19th century, a period marked by significant socio-cultural changes under colonial rule. These movements aimed at addressing prevalent social evils, promoting education, and improving the condition of marginalized groups, thereby setting the stage for the evolution of professional social work. During the 19th century, India witnessed several reform movements that directly influenced the thinking around social responsibility and welfare. Movements led by reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Jyotirao Phule, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, and later Mahatma Gandhi, emphasized the eradication of social injustices like sati, child marriage, caste discrimination, and untouchability, while promoting education and women’s rights. These reformers introduced the idea that social problems were not merely individual or familial concerns but systemic issues that required organized efforts and interventions. For instance, Raja Ram Mohan Roy's advocacy against sati and promotion of modern education highlighted the role of informed intervention and the importance of societal reform. Similarly, Jyotirao Phule’s work for the upliftment of lower castes and girls’ education emphasized structured and community-based initiatives, which resonate with modern principles of social work practice. The reform movements not only raised awareness about social injustices but also fostered the development of institutions aimed at social welfare. Missionary activities during this period played a complementary role by _____ _____ _______ ____ _____ ____ ____ _____ _____ _______ ____.
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