Examine the role of NGOs in the elimination of bonded labour in rural areas?

The UN Conventions and the ILO Conventions on Forced Labour define and prohibit various types of forced labour, slavery and servitude, and debt bondage. The League of Nations adopted the Slavery Convention in 1926, which was followed by the first ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), ratified by India in 1951. Article 2(1) of the Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. Following this, the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948 reaffirmed the principle that “no one shall be held in slavery or servitude” (Article 4) and the right to “free choice of employment” (Article 23(1)). Though Convention 29 on Forced Labour did not specifically refer to debt bondage, over time the ILO’s Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations has stated repeatedly that ‘debt bondage’ is one form of ‘forced labour’ and is covered by the Convention’s definition. The ILO’s Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No.182) specifically includes forced labour, debt bondage and serfdom of children in its purview. Debt bondage is a specific ___ __________ _______ _________ _______ _______ _________ ______ ______ ________ _______ ________.
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