Examine the principles governing relationship between political and permanent executives.

Principles governing relationship between political and permanent executives  are :

Once the premise for separation of these two wings is agreed upon, the two
wings must operate based on certain basic conditions. The conditions become all
the more necessary when the distinction in activities is delicate and overlapping.
It is this necessity that gave rise to two important norms, viz., neutrality and
anonymity. Let us try to understand the implications of these two norms.

1 Norm of Neutrality
The norm of neutrality assumes three coilditions: 1) changing of political parties in
power, 2) meritorious bureaucracy; 3) permanent bureaucracy. Let us now try to
understand these three conditions. Firstly, in a liberal democracy with pluralistic
nature of political parties, particularly with electoral mechanism, there is bound to
be a change of parties in power. That is, in fact, the logic of the system. In United
States, there used to be spoils system before the Pendleton Act was passed. Under
this system the political parties coming to power had complete discretion to change
the admihistrative personnel ffom top to the bott'om. This means the political
values of the party coincided with the values of the administrative system. For the
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