Examine the need for the regulation of weapons in International Humanitarian Law. Explain the distinction between Bacteriological Weapon and Chemical Weapon?

A number of conventional weapons are regulated in the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. This Convention prohibits the use of munitions that use fragments not detectable by X-ray and blinding laser weapons. It also limits the use of incendiary weapons as well as mines, booby traps and "other devices". The Convention is also the first treaty to establish a framework to address the post-conflict hazards of unexploded and abandoned ordnance.

Anti-personnel landmines are prohibited under the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction. More than three-quarters of the world's countries have joined the Convention, which has had a positive impact in terms of destruction of stockpiles, mine clearance, reduction of casualties and assistance to victims.

On 30 May 2008, 107 States adopted the Convention on Cluster Munitions. The treaty's obligations became legally binding on the 30 ratifying States on 1 August 2010 and subsequently for other ratifying States. By adopting and signing the Convention, States have taken a major step towards ending the death, injury and suffering caused by these weapons.

The unregulated widespread availability of arms contributes to violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) and hampers delivery of assistance to victims. Since 2006, States have been discussing a global "Arms Trade Treaty" (ATT). In January 2010, the UN General Assembly decided to convene the 2012 UN Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty to elaborate a legally binding instrument on the highest possible international standards for the transfer of conventional arms. The ICRC supports the elaboration of a comprehensive, legally binding ATT that establishes common international standards for the responsible transfer and brokering of all conventional weapons and their ammunition.

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