Discuss the Protection available to Civilians during hostilities under the fourth Geneva Convention.

The Fourth Geneva Convention, which protects civilians, includes a provision outlining preconditions to the majority of its protections. Article 4. of the Fourth Convention, is the gateway to the most extensive and elaborate protections for civilians. Essentially, any person finding himself or herself in the hands of his or her natiolis enemy qualities as a protected person’ under the Fourth Convention. During international armed conflict, nationals of states parties that are either in enemy territory or find their own territory occupied by an enemy state party must be accorded protected status. The Convention leaves nationals o f non-party states largely unprotected. Thus Article 4 sustains the condition of obligational reciprocity by denying protected person status to nationals of states not party to the Conventions. It provides further evidence that. while states were eager to rectiI the humanitarian shortcomings of the preexisting law of war, they would only do so on the basis of reciprocal commitment.

Article 48 of Additional Protocol sets forth the basic nile of distinction between civilians and military objects.

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