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The impact of globalization on national identity and sovereignty in the Global South has become a central concern in contemporary comparative politics. Globalization, understood as the intensification of economic, political, cultural, and technological interconnections across countries, has challenged traditional notions of state sovereignty and the construction of national identity. In the context of the Global South, which comprises countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, globalization has had both integrative and disruptive effects, reshaping political, social, and economic landscapes. One of the most significant ways in which globalization affects national identity is through the penetration of global culture and media. The widespread dissemination of Western cultural products, from films and television to fashion and digital content, has often led to the hybridization of local cultures. This cultural globalization can create a sense of cosmopolitanism among populations, particularly the urban middle classes, while simultaneously generating tensions with traditional cultural norms. National identity, historically constructed through shared language, religion, customs, and historical narratives, may face erosion as younger generations adopt global lifestyles. This often produces debates within societies regarding the preservation of indigenous culture versus embracing global modernity. Comparative political studies have highlighted that in many Global South countries, such as India, Brazil, and Nigeria, cultural globalization has provoked both the rise of cultural revival movements and the reinforcement of nationalist discourses as a response to perceived cultural homogenization. Economic globalization is another critical factor impacting national sovereignty and identity. Integration into global markets, facilitated by trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, and structural adjustment programs, has altered the role of the state in economic governance. Traditionally, sovereignty implied the ability of states to independently manage economic policies, regulate domestic industries, and protect local employment. However, in the Global South, neoliberal reforms driven by international financial institutions such as the IMF and World Bank have _____ _________ ______ ___ ___ _____ ________ ____ _____ __________.
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