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The concept of Good Governance has emerged as a significant paradigm in the field of public administration, particularly since the 1990s. With the shift from traditional public administration to more participatory, accountable, and citizen-centric models, good governance became a cornerstone for development and democratic legitimacy. It reflects the process by which public institutions conduct public affairs, manage public resources, and guarantee the realization of human rights in a manner that is free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard to the rule of law. The idea gained prominence with global institutions such as the World Bank, United Nations, and OECD emphasizing its relevance for sustainable development, political stability, and economic growth. In essence, good governance seeks to enhance the capacity, legitimacy, and accountability of government institutions, ensuring that administrative processes are efficient, transparent, responsive, and inclusive. ### Concept of Good Governance Good governance is not a static state but a dynamic process that involves continuous improvement in institutional practices, public participation, legal frameworks, and ethical standards. It incorporates a value-based, citizen-oriented approach to administration, aiming for a balance between the interests of various stakeholders in society—governments, civil society, and the private sector. The United Nations defines good governance as comprising mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations, and mediate their differences. The World Bank views good governance in terms of the quality of public service delivery, policy formulation, responsiveness of institutions, and accountability mechanisms. Good governance implies an administration that is not only technically competent but also ethically sound, ensuring justice, fairness, and inclusiveness in its decisions and policies. ### Features of Good Governance 1. Rule of Law: The foundation of good governance lies in the supremacy of law, ensuring that all citizens, including government officials, are subject to and equal before the law. Laws must be fairly applied, equitably __________ _______ __________ __________ _____ ______ _________ __________.
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