Examine the changing trends in the Australian foreign policy.

The Australian government’s 2017 Foreign Policy White Paper recognised the acute development challenges facing the region, including diverse barriers to sustainable and inclusive growth, persistent poverty and inequality, governance and capability constraints, and natural disasters and climate change. But in the more than two years since then, the region’s development landscape has kept changing.

At the Australasian Aid Conference, Minister for International Development and the Pacific Alex Hawke set out the five salient trends in the Indo-Pacific that the government recognises as influencing development.

First, Australia’s development partners in the Indo-Pacific are hugely diverse – as are the development challenges they face. Indo-Pacific nations vary massively across any number of vectors: population and demographic, geography and territory, and their economy’s size, growth rate, and composition. There are countries much like Australia – and others very dissimilar. And with quickening technological change and greater interdependence, Australia faces increasingly complex challenges that demand cooperative solutions, like economic instability, climate change, terrorism, transnational crime, maritime security, irregular migration, arms control, and rising illiberalism.

All these must be addressed even as Australia deals with the second trend: entrenched development challenges. Australia should celebrate the progress it has helped make happen, especially on poverty reduction. In the last quarter century, over one billion people have been lifted out of poverty – and the global poverty rate is now at its lowest ever point.  But we cannot let growth in gross national incomes mask deeply entrenched areas of poverty and inequality. UN figures show that income inequality in the region has risen by more than five percent in the last two decades. Pushing back against this trend is vital to make meaningful progress on the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Third, the region is experiencing profound geostrategic shifts that are affecting Australia’s development ___ ______ ____ _____ _____ ____ __________ _______.
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