Enumerate some of the major minority rights in India.

People sharing culture, a language, a system of beliefs and traditions are called an ethnic group. In the 19th century, some of the ethnic groups came together and proclaimed their nation-states over the territories they live on. Some ethnic groups inhabiting the same territories are quite different and didn’t want to change their language, religion or tradition or to unify the nation that had been formed and some groups were forced to change their nationalities due to shifting state borders. These groups may be culturally different for the mainstream society but they want to preserve their identity. They are a set of people who are less in number and evidently distinct and unique from the majority.

In India, we have multiple religions, cultures, traditions and heritage. There are 8 Major religious belief systems with their distinct heritage and culture. From Kashmir to Kanyakumari there are 22 official languages with more than 800 dialects available. In a tight-knit democratic society like India, minority groups are respected for being different and although they enjoy minority rights in community with others belonging to a minority group is an individual choice. 

Minority word comes from the Latin word ‘Minor’ and joins with the ‘ity’ suffix to make meaning of ‘small in number’. According to the United Nations, ‘Any group or community which is socially, politically and economically non-dominant and inferior in the population are minorities.’ The constitution of India has not defined the word ‘minority’ anywhere.

Historical background behind the protection of minority rights under the Constitution

In the past, the invasions in Ancient and Medieval India generated minority communities like Muslims, Anglo- Indians, Christians etc. India became a conglomeration of Minorities because of migration of communities fearing religious persecution like Parsis, Divide and rule policy of British colonial power etc. The objective resolution moved by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in the Constituent Assembly on 13th December 1946, unanimously adopted by Constituent Assembly on 22nd January 1947 where it was decided that a safeguard mechanism will be adopted for minority communities, depressed backward classes and tribal areas ________ ____ ____ ____ _______ ________ _____ _____.
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