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The politics of climate change negotiations are deeply rooted in the long-standing North-South divide that has shaped global relations since the colonial era. This divide represents not merely geographical distinctions but also historical, economic, and political inequalities between industrialized nations of the Global North and developing nations of the Global South. Climate change, though a universal challenge, has exposed and intensified these inequalities, leading to conflicting interests, divergent responsibilities, and persistent tensions in international climate diplomacy. Understanding the North-South politics in climate negotiations requires an exploration of the historical context, the principle of equity, financial and technological dimensions, as well as the evolving dynamics that continue to influence global environmental governance. Historically, the industrialized North bears the major responsibility for the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The process of industrialization that began in Europe and later expanded to North America and other developed regions was powered by the burning of fossil fuels, which triggered the current climate crisis. In contrast, the Global South, which includes Africa, Latin America, and much of Asia, contributed minimally to historical emissions but faces disproportionate impacts of climate change such as droughts, floods, heatwaves, and agricultural disruptions. This asymmetry formed the moral and political foundation of the climate justice discourse, emphasizing that those who contributed least to the problem are suffering the most from its consequences. Hence, when climate negotiations began under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, the demand for fairness and differentiated responsibility became central to the negotiations. The principle of “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities” (CBDR-RC) emerged from this context as the cornerstone of North-South climate politics. Developing countries argued that while all ____ __________ _______ ____ _____ ______ _________ _____ ____ _______ _____ ___.
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