Elaborate upon the concept and theoretical approaches to perception. Explain the Gestalt’s principles and factors affecting perception.
Theoretical Approaches to Perception
Two separate theoretical approaches have been proposed by psychologists to explain the process of perception. One is known as “Top-down processing approach” and, other is known as “Bottom-up processing approach”.
| Bottom-up processing | Top-down processing |
| Process of perception is direct. | Process of perception is indirect. |
| Perception is a data driven process i.e., stimuli carries sufficient information to be interpreted in meaningfully and we don’t need to rely on our experiences. | Perception is an experience driven process i.e., stimuli don’t have sufficient information to be interpreted meaningfully and therefore, we need to rely on our experiences. |
| J. J. Gibson was one of the strongest advocate of this view. | Richard Gregory was the strongest advocate of this view. |
GESTALT PRINCIPLES
1) Law of Proximity
In order to perceive stimuli meaningful, stimuli which are closer to each other are perceived by us belonging to one group. Due to this reason, people tend to see following circles as cluster or group rather than individual circles. Our brain tends to group large elements ___ ___ __________ ________ ____.
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