Elaborate the prevention strategies to prevent HIV infection from pregnant mother to her child.

Introduction to HIV/AIDS  
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a chronic virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), weakening the body's ability to fight infections. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the final stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged. Transmission occurs through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is a significant mode of HIV spread, particularly in low-resource settings, and can happen during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding. Preventing MTCT is a key strategy in reducing the global burden of HIV.

Prevention Strategies to Prevent HIV Transmission from Mother to Child  

1. HIV Testing and Counseling for Pregnant Women  
   - Early identification of HIV in pregnant women is critical. Routine HIV testing should be offered during prenatal visits.
   - Counseling ensures informed decision-making about testing, treatment, and breastfeeding practices. __________ ___ _______ ___ ________.
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