e. Pathogenesis of Pneumonia in elderly

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can cause inflammation, consolidation, and impaired gas exchange. It is a common respiratory illness in the elderly population, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The pathogenesis of pneumonia in the elderly is complex and multifactorial, and involves a combination of host factors, environmental factors, and microbial factors.

Host factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia in the elderly include age-related changes in the immune system, comorbidities, and functional impairments. As individuals age, their immune system undergoes changes that can make them more susceptible to infections. In particular, there is a decline in the function of T cells, ___ ________ _______ ____ ___ __________ ____ ___ _______.
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