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To effectively analyze and design a Railway Reservation System using Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs), we need to go through different levels of abstraction, starting from the Context Level (Level 0) and going up to Level 3. Each level provides a more detailed view of how data flows through the system and how processes transform inputs into outputs. --- ### Context Level DFD (Level 0) This is the highest level of abstraction. It represents the entire Railway Reservation System as a single process and shows how it interacts with external entities. External Entities: 1. Passenger 2. Railway Staff 3. Bank 4. Admin Data Flows: * Passenger → Reservation Details → Railway Reservation System * Railway Reservation System → Ticket / Confirmation / Rejection → Passenger * Railway Reservation System ↔ Payment Details ↔ Bank * Admin ↔ Train Schedule Update ↔ Railway Reservation System * Railway Staff ↔ Passenger Status Queries ↔ Railway Reservation System Process: * Railway Reservation System (Process 0) Data Stores (represented as rectangles or open-ended rectangles): * Passenger Records * Train Details * Booking Records * Payment Records --- ### Level 1 DFD In Level 1, the main system is broken into major sub-processes. This reveals the core functions of the system and how data flows between them. Processes: 1. __________ ________ ______ ________ _________ ___ ____ __________ __________ ________ ____.
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