Question
Does the function
satisfy the requirement of Schwarz's theorem at
(1,1)? Justify your answer.
Answer :
Word Count : 609
We are asked whether the function $$ f(x,y) = \frac{x^2 - y^2}{x^2 + y^2}, \quad x \neq 0, y \neq 0 $$ satisfies Schwarz’s Theorem (equality of mixed partial derivatives) at the point $(1,1)$. --- ### Step 1: Recall Schwarz’s Theorem Schwarz’s (Clairaut’s) theorem states: > If $f_{xy}$ and $f_{yx}$ are continuous in a neighborhood of $(a,b)$, then > > $$ > f_{xy}(a,b) = f_{yx}(a,b) > $$ So we need: 1. $f_x$, $f_y$ to exist. 2. $f_{xy}$ and $f_{yx}$ to exist and be continuous at $(1,1)$. --- ### Step 2: Compute First Partial Derivatives Let $$ f(x,y) = \frac{x^2 - y^2}{x^2 + y^2} $$ We use the quotient rule: --- (a) Partial derivative with respect to $x$ $$ f_x = \frac{(2x)(x^2+y^2) - (x^2-y^2)(2x)}{(x^2+y^2)^2} $$ Simplify numerator: $$ 2x(x^2+y^2) - 2x(x^2-y^2) $$ $$ = 2x \big[ (x^2+y^2) - (x^2-y^2) \big] $$ $$ = 2x (2y^2) $$ $$ f_x = \frac{4xy^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2} $$ --- (b) ___ __________ __________ _________ _________ __________ ___ ___ ________ ________ _____.
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We are asked whether the function $$ f(x,y) = \frac{x^2 - y^2}{x^2 + y^2}, \quad x \neq 0, y \neq 0 $$ satisfies Schwarz’s Theorem (equality of mixed partial derivatives) at the point $(1,1)$. --- ### Step 1: Recall Schwarz’s Theorem Schwarz’s (Clairaut’s) theorem states: > If $f_{xy}$ and $f_{yx}$ are continuous in a neighborhood of $(a,b)$, then > > $$ > f_{xy}(a,b) = f_{yx}(a,b) > $$ So we need: 1. $f_x$, $f_y$ to exist. 2. $f_{xy}$ and $f_{yx}$ to exist and be continuous at $(1,1)$. --- ### Step 2: Compute First Partial Derivatives Let $$ f(x,y) = \frac{x^2 - y^2}{x^2 + y^2} $$ We use the quotient rule: --- (a) Partial derivative with respect to $x$ $$ f_x = \frac{(2x)(x^2+y^2) - (x^2-y^2)(2x)}{(x^2+y^2)^2} $$ Simplify numerator: $$ 2x(x^2+y^2) - 2x(x^2-y^2) $$ $$ = 2x \big[ (x^2+y^2) - (x^2-y^2) \big] $$ $$ = 2x (2y^2) $$ $$ f_x = \frac{4xy^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2} $$ --- (b) ___ __________ __________ _________ _________ __________ ___ ___ ________ ________ _____.
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