Distinguishing morphological features of male and female carps

In freshwater aquaculture, distinguishing the morphological features of male and female carps is crucial for breeding management. Males and females exhibit subtle differences that can be identified through external and internal characteristics.

Externally, the most notable difference is in the body shape. Female carps typically have a rounder, fuller abdomen, particularly when they are carrying eggs. The abdomen ___ _________ _______ _____ ___.
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