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Robbery and dacoity are two specific forms of aggravated theft and extortion under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), and though closely related, they are distinguished on the basis of the number of offenders involved and the degree of organized criminal activity. Both offences fall under Chapter XVII of the IPC, which deals with offences against property, and both involve the use of violence or threat to unlawfully take property. However, they are treated differently in terms of gravity, punishment, and social implications. Robbery is defined under Section 390 of the IPC. It is essentially an aggravated form of either theft or extortion, where the act is accompanied by violence, threat of violence, or instant fear of death, hurt, or wrongful restraint. Theft becomes robbery when, during the act of stealing, the offender voluntarily causes or attempts to cause death, hurt, or wrongful restraint, or induces fear of instant harm in order to commit theft or carry away stolen property. Similarly, extortion becomes robbery when the offender, in the presence of the victim, puts the victim in fear of instant death, hurt, or wrongful restraint, and compels immediate delivery of property. The essence of robbery lies in the immediacy of the violence or threat accompanying the taking of property. Dacoity, on the other hand, is defined under Section 391 of the IPC. It refers to robbery committed by five or more persons acting conjointly. Thus, ______ __________ ____ __________ _________ ____ __________ _______ ________ _____ ____.
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