Distinguish between mass and batch production, under what conditions is batch production justified?

Mass production and batch production are two distinct manufacturing processes, each with its own characteristics, advantages, and limitations. Understanding their differences is essential for effective management of machines and materials in industrial settings.

### Distinction Between Mass Production and Batch Production  

1. Definition  
   - Mass Production refers to the continuous production of standardized products in large quantities using automated machinery and assembly lines.  
   - Batch Production involves manufacturing products in specific quantities or batches, where production is carried out in groups before switching to a different product or variation.  

2. Product Standardization  
   - In mass production, products are highly standardized with minimal variation, ensuring uniformity and consistency.  
   - In batch production, slight variations may exist between different batches, as production is adjusted according to demand or customization.  

3. Flexibility  
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