Discuss various wage- and self-employment programmes launched by the Government of India for rural development.

SELF EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES

The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was aimed at providing self-employment to the rural poor through acquisition of productive assets  or appropriate skills which would generate  additional income on a sustained basis to enable them cross the poverty line. Assistance was  provided in  the form of subsidy and bank credit. The target group consisted largely of small and marginal farmers,  agricultural labourers and rural  artisans living below the poverty line. Within the target group, there was an  assured coverage of 50 percent for scheduled castes/scheduled tribes, 40  percent for women and 3  percent for the physically handicapped. Priority in assistance was also given to the families belonging to the  assignees of  ceiling surplus land, Green card holders covered under the Family Welfare Programme and  freed bonded labourers.

IRDP was a centrally sponsored scheme which had been in operation in all the blocks of the country since 1980. Under the scheme central funds were  allocated to states on the basis of ratio of rural ______ ________ _____ _____ _________ ______ _________ ________ _____ _________.
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