Discuss various methods of oxygen administration.Discuss various methods of oxygen administration.

Low flow delivery method

• Low-flow systems include: 
• Simple face mask  
• Non re-breather face mask (mask with oxygen reservoir bag and one-way valves which aims to prevent/reduce room air entrainment) 
• Nasal prongs (low flow) 
• Tracheostomy mask  
• Tracheostomy HME connector 
• Isolette - neonates (usually for use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit only) 

Note: In most low flow systems the flow is usually titrated (on the oxygen flow meter) and recorded in litres per minute (LPM).  Where the Airvo2 is used as an oxygen delivery device the flow from this device is independent to the flow of oxygen.

High flow delivery method 

High flow systems include: 

Ventilators 

• CPAP/BiPaP drivers 
• Face mask or tracheostomy mask used in conjunction with an Airvo2 Humidifier 
• High Flow Nasal Prong therapy  (HFNP)
• NB: There is separate CPG for HFNP use in the NICU (see NICU HFNP CPG)

Humidification

Oxygen therapy can be delivered using a low flow or high flow system. All high flow systems require humidification. The type of humidification device selected will depend on the oxygen delivery system in use, and the patient's requirements. The humidifier should always be placed at a level below the patient's head. 

Rationale: 

Cold, dry air increases heat and fluid loss 

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