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Translation activities during the colonial period in India played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual, cultural, and literary landscape of the country. This period, broadly spanning the late 18th century to the early 20th century, witnessed a remarkable expansion of translation efforts due to the intersection of colonial administration, missionary activities, and the growing interest of Indian scholars in European knowledge systems. The translation endeavors were not merely linguistic exercises; they were also cultural and political interventions that influenced literature, education, and social reform in India. The British East India Company, which gradually assumed administrative control over large parts of India, had a keen interest in translations to facilitate governance. Knowledge of local languages was crucial for effective administration, legal regulation, and revenue collection. Early colonial translation efforts were pragmatic and functional, focusing on legal, administrative, and revenue-related texts. The “Bengal Renaissance” in the 19th century provided fertile ground for such intellectual exchanges. One of the most notable initiatives was the establishment of the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784 by Sir William Jones, which became a hub for translation activities. Jones and his colleagues emphasized translating Sanskrit texts into English to introduce the rich philosophical, literary, and scientific heritage of India to the Western world. Sir William Jones, a profound philologist and orientalist, believed in the intellectual parity of Sanskrit with Greek and Latin. His translations included classical texts such as Kalidasa’s works, the Mahabharata, and the Ramayana. These translations were instrumental in presenting Indian literature to a European audience and ______ ___ _________ __________ _______ ________ __________ ___ __________ ___ __________ ___.
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