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Six-Sigma is a data-driven methodology that aims to eliminate defects and improve processes in an organization by reducing variability and enhancing quality. Rooted in statistical analysis, Six-Sigma focuses on delivering near-perfect products and services by striving for only 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO). Within the framework of Total Quality Management (TQM), Six-Sigma plays a pivotal role by emphasizing continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and systematic quality control. It integrates well with the broader principles of TQM by promoting process optimization, employee involvement, and evidence-based decision-making. Six-Sigma was initially developed by Motorola in the 1980s and gained widespread popularity through its successful implementation at General Electric. It combines rigorous statistical tools with strong managerial commitment to improve business processes. Within the philosophy of TQM, Six-Sigma acts as an implementation tool to achieve quality standards and organizational excellence. The methodology of Six-Sigma is typically implemented through two main approaches: DMAIC and DMADV. While DMAIC is used for improving existing processes, DMADV is used for creating new processes or products. For the scope of this discussion, the DMAIC methodology will be explained in detail as it represents the core process of Six-Sigma in most TQM-driven organizations. 1. Define Phase The Define phase ________ _______ _________ ________ ________ ______ __________ ________ ___ ________ __________ __________.
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